People and Organizations - E127918

Although the theoretical background of the subject was established in last few centuries, history of management runs back to thousands of years. Collective effort is the basis of management. No one can live alone in current social production system. Each and everybody have to depend on others. All of us are belonging to organizations. People have to be organized to achieve long or short time goals. (Sutcliffe et al, 2000) Mankind has gone through five major production systems in the history. The   management concepts were there in each of those production systems. Hunting man had to be organized themselves to attack the animal. In the animal husbandry production system, men and women differentiated their jobs to be more organized. Agricultural system applied various management concepts to achieve their organizational goals. Feudal production system was managed by the king ( Karl, 2007) . He also practiced and introduced many management concepts to lead the society and people forw...

There is a difference in between administrator, Manger and Leader. Administrator is a character  that implements a particular number of predefined duties. He much adhered to rules and regulations. He is not strong to think out of the given instructions. The characteristics of Administrator is well defined by Henry Fayol and Max Weber. (Bell et al, 2016) Mangers is somewhat creative than an administrators. ( Yukl, 1989)  They have the freedom to think than administrators. But Leasers are much stronger and attractive than both of above characters. Difference between Manger and Leader Subject Manger Leader Culture stability change focus managing work leading people have subordinates followers horizon short term long term seeks objective vision approach plans de...

According to Drucker (1963) management is the product of effectiveness and efficiency. He further explains the efficiency is “doing things right” and “doing the right things” is ‘effectiveness’. Management theories classifications are different according to different authors but in this section trends in present management are explored in a conservative manner. (Haque et al, 2017)   Management Science System Approach Contingency Approach   Management Science Management Science was derived in the period of WWII. Due time and material constrain in the war time, more accurate and timely effective decisions had to take in the warfare. This subject is a result of pure Mathematics and Applied Mathematical and Statics. It also known as mathematical or quantitative measurement approach. The subject define management as a more mathematical and scientific entity. The management decision has to logical, and those resolutions should be based on empirical studies. (Ng et al, 2009)...

What is Human Resource Management? Human resource management (HRM) concept was born in 1980s when emerging large scale industries. With globalization and rapid technological change HRM was identified as a crucial part in an organization. HRM is known as the process of managing people with a human approach. Main goals of HRM are to increase the employees’ contributions, optimize productivity and effectiveness towards achieving company goals and targets. According to Megginson, (1977), the definition of Human Resources is “total knowledge, skills, creative abilities, talents, competencies and aptitudes of an organization’s workforce, as well as the value, attitudes, commitment and beliefs of the individuals involved”. HRM helps its manpower to grow, develop, update, and encourage self-satisfaction. It balances the focus on HR development and effective management of people. Mary Parker Follet defined human resource management as "the art of getting things done through people...

Work design is defining the job role of the employees that matches to achieve the company vision mission and ensure the satisfied work environment. According to Armstrong (2014, p. 136), ‘Work design is the creation of systems of work and a working environment that enhance organizational effectiveness and productivity, ensure the organization becomes a “great place in which to work” and are conducive to the health, safety and wellbeing of employees. In this blog brief on classical theories that evolved in the late 19th century and early 20th century is elaborated. Classical Theories Although James Watt, Charles Babbage, Robert Owen, made the foundation for the development of management thoughts, the real beginning of the science of management did not occur until the last decade of the 19thcentury.  Figure 1: Classical management theories and authors (TechnoFunc, 2020) The main and well-known management approaches towards classical work design are as follows. Scientific Manage...

Johnson and Scholes (2002) have defined strategy as 'The direction and scope of and organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment and, to its markets, customers and clients to meet stakeholder expectations.' Figure 1: Simplified model of strategic management adapted from Johnson and Scholes (2002) With highly turbulent internal and external environments of the company strategy determines the future of the company. Competitive advantage of the company depends on the human resource managers vision towards the future. Strategy has many theories and Mintzberg et al (1988) suggests strategy as A plan, A pattern, A perspective or as a ploy. Hence strategy of a company can be defined as a logical guideline to its long-term intensions to become a reality. According to Mintzberg et al (1998) strategy us a systematic process which includes thinking, acting, formulating, and implementing. In some cases, it can be a response to a cha...

In mid 1980's due to predominance financial situation in Japanese economy many researchers compared Japanese HRM style and American HRM style in order to find the "secret of success". Abegglen (1958) was among first few who understood Japanese HRM and identified key differences between two HRM styles.  Japanese HRM styles have constant informal communications within groups and Nemawashi. Nemawashi is an activity to build support for a project or decision through communication in advance mainly to gain consensus. (Sagi, 2015) This process will help to get onboard everyone fast and clear out doubts. This technique is also largely used in companies like Toyota in their decision making process. The decentralization of decision making support to promote committed employees, helps them to feel sense of contribution, increases loyalty and has become a competitive advantage in Japanese HRM style. Conversely, in American HRM style is more depends on formal corporate planning pro...